David George DeLancey

 This site was published on 3-23-2011 at aprox. 9:15 p.m. e.s.t. with more to come thank you.

A Truck Drivers Poem established in the fall of 1986 while traveling east on Interstate 80 through the western part of Pennsylvania with a female on my mind. Today is 4-7-2011 at 9:11 p.m. e.s.t.

Here we are at Exit Eleven just spoke word from God in Heaven.  

Here we are at Exit Ten just to write with this old pen.

Here we are at Exit Nine sure am feeling fine.

Here we are at Exit Eight and I think we're running late.

Here we are at Exit Seven and it's almost Eleven.

Here we are at Exit Six just strolling through these big tall styx. 

Here we are at Exit Five sure am glad to be alive. 

Here we are at Exit Four just ready to open those big old doors. 

Here we are at Exit Three and I hope she's thinking of me.

Here we are at Exit Two and I'm surely thinking of you.

Here we are at Exit One and I'm glad that run is done.

{+*-_This poem is in consideration of a Twelve Days of Christmas_-*+} Twelve Sweatered Elves * Eleven Stairs to Heaven * A Ten by Ten  Den Just to Write with this Old Pen * Nine Fine Wines * Eight Straight Dates * Seven Angels from Heaven * Six Tall Styx * Five Loving Doves  * Four Opened Doors * Three Kings and Queens in Key * Two Just For You *  One Under The Sun * And The Other Under The Tree /////added 4-8-2011>/////// In regards to this it is in consideration these factors which were along with creation at time are. # 12 Representing security. #9 In thought of Willie Nelson. #8 In thought of John Lennon. #7 The nose being shaped that way upside down #6 A Teepee #5 The Thumb Index Pincky Wedding and Middle jointly bones on your hand #3 You and Your Parent #2 Your Parents \\\\\\\\\\\\ That is just my figuration you may have your own diciphering or my first thought was desciple, one who receives instruction from another perhaps, just a thought trading back and fourth, or even a disciplinary ~ of or relating to ecclesiastical discipline or legislation. 5:49 p.m.

By David George DeLancey ~ 4-7-11_9:27 p.m.

Interests of David George DeLancey : Art Economics History : As for Art I like to use Oils on Canvas; although I do occasionally experience Pastels and Acrylics, and painting music is a concern of mine and is very time consuming. As far as Economics why not we all somewhat experience economics in everything we do. And for History it is a pleasure to research any form of history, although since I am dedicated to being a very positive person I shall conduct my research and when displaying any character of researchable history I shall not display any hard core characteristics of War. The terming of War and any other linguistic terming we shall always bare. I personally feel for the characteristics of our linguistic terms and or words. May the law of judgement be on your every situational venture. Good Morning, Good Day and Good Night.

Another quite interesting factor of mine is Government. I respect the knowledge of government. It is in our behalf that government will always be. Anything pertaining to Government will immediately be enforced by government. As we are the governed we in respect will enforce our laws as recommended. Being the Government and enacting laws we shall see the circumstance of government. We will always seek new ventures, and when pertaining to our government when a new should arise we will venture again the seeking of others. In this manner we shall see time pass as the slow motion of a train at very start with plunder and exhaust to yet again push the needs of a governed situation towards the innocence of kind. May our guiltiness in personal matter excel our innocence towards others.

8:51 p.m. e.s.t. Incoming information of the Presidency I am to assist with, if your voting degree allows it. Although the incoming information is of the character that; that position is to be acknowledged, so to  better acquaint myself to you of "My Five Issues Plan" I will be acknowledging the presidential position and if I get elected I promise of course on your behalf to do the job recommended. That will be on all other issues as well as my five issue entry attempt to secure a nation economically, from the asset, distributional matters of our national currency and the collection of taxes. Taxes are of the national sales tax and the state income tax required by the states to economically operate that issue. Of course each state will be sufficiently in the capabilities of the Federal Government. When the Federal is collecting the sales taxes and paying for Military it will also sufficiently cover the States, for it is in acquisition that since the federal distributional efforts of a fundamental currency are in circulation through the states in order to be affiliated with the assets and backers who then through expenditure revenue the tax the state will then be applied with a sufficient coverage when not applied through an income bases. Sometimes you got it , sometimes you don't.

My Five Issue Plan - Is Of : A One Percent Sales Tax On The Dollar and a Half A Cent From .01 cent to .99 cents : Distribution Of Funds To Everyone Over The Age Of Twenty-One the estimate now is of  $4040.00 sales tax included : A State Tax Withheld From Ones Paycheck to cover State and Federal Needs : Disable Persons Get More : Retired Persons Get More. Those are my five issues If from now until you decide that it is worthy, then I have sold my idea to you and in regards to you, that in factor of the idea, you have sold yourself. In this matter is the reason of the $40.00 added to the $4000.00, It is in fact a sale. Situational Awareness Leading Everywhere. SALE. But to each it's own. And that's a fact. Till next time with the DeLancey History Files, DeLancey Factor, DeLancey Faction and the DeLancey Official Action. Review all these talents on the web. I'm off now to secure them; you'll never know what history in fact will offer unless the talent is applied. Heck I may even doze off trying! 9:12 p.m. Wait till I loose a little weight and my jaw is more distinctive. _____________ Well Another Rampage to Conquer __________________________________ -W__-A______-R... ...the more of, is always the better of, so as is', is the conquering of settlement; note why I did not recommend "a"--or--"another"-before the term __ settlement. For this reason of the acknowledgement that a settlement will always  accrue it is the factor of judgment that needs to be secure. Notice how we all in our own individualism have a self conquering venture. For it will be secured whether it is by our own satisfaction or the  accompanying of a satisfaction that can be lived on with or amongst another. In regards to a faction once it is secured, a first attempt to  deal with, then an economic will sequence the venture of the  benefactor, perhaps of self achievement. We will always have competition, though it is the first initial balance that will always secure a factoring status. Status can also represent a statute. Hey I'm a funny guy all I want is the national awareness of a distributed currency to the overall population, what you do with your personal life is your business.  That means keep your-self to yourself and distribute only to your overall government what we all intend to distribute. Distribution is one of the more important words in the dictionary I will always defend. And may I suggest that my realization of the terming of words is of great importance, and through time of course like anything else will be through the adjustment of realization that aspects of belief will always carry a norm "normal" appearance and settlement of talent. In shortness we may just get so used to an aspect that we may not think twice about it. Thats ok just as long as we can still get along, and as far as I can tell  it takes this fundamental $,"Money". Here is how I got started with the one of many interesting values of the terming's of words. As a Truck Driver when  the CB and Radio was the only option beside a team driver or some other passenger' oops. Was the thought of what is. So I spelled out certain words took those letters and made coherent sentences with them. The start was of this terming; Thank You. : To Help Another Needed Keeper You Oughto Understand. I haven't yet sentenced out that phrasing only because other references had kept me involved with balance, security and understanding of then to behalf feelings. I always eliminate the safety that I will hold meanings just for myself or yet just allow them to go towards others. My real value is finding a meaningful settlement of a wording to enhance a sentence as to let go but yet accept it. There will always be two or three real medium words to every letter in a word to define a comfortable representation, but yet just one will secure the tendency. Again till next time. Keep it within and you won't get your---Beauty Understands Tender Talent - Keep It Collecting Keeper Expressing Desire - Inviting Nation oops, Perhaps through another door we shall go through again, with Art Economics History. 9:39  p.m. Somewhere in the Southeastern part of Massachusetts for now.

11-22-2011 2:37 P.M. E.S.T.

2:50 P.M. E.S.T. 11-22-2011

11-23-2011 10:18 A.M. E.S.T.

10:31 A.M. E.S.T. 11-22-2011

10:51 A.M. E.S.T. 11-23-2011

2/20/2012 11:33 A.M.  Have A Great Presidents Day 

Initiative ~ Is a means by which a petition signed by a certain minimum number of registered voters can force a public vote (Plebiscite -/- Referendum). The vote may be on a proposed statue, constitutional amendment, charter amendment or ordinance, or, in its minimal form, to simply oblige the executive or legislative bodies to consider the subject by submitting it to the order of the day. It is a form of direct democracy.

A proposed situation can be found in the Declaration of Independence.

In the United States there is no initiative process at the national level, but the initiative is in use at the level of state government in 24 states and the District of Columbia, and is also in common use at the local government level. This reviewed and filed by myself David George DeLancey on 9-30-2011

Taken from Wikipedia's Article on : History of the United States: "Political Machines" had control of the government in the decades of the nineteenth century. Most presidents were chosen by political machines and were corrupt. The government could do little, because the Presidents did not have control of Congress. Leaders of big businesses often had more power than the government. At this time, there were several very big businesses called trusts. People who ran trusts made millions of dollars while paying workers in their factories low wages. Some of these people were John D. Rockefeller, Andrew Carnegie, and J.P. Morgan. reviewed 9/29/11

People could get free land in the West due to an 1862 law called the Homestead Act. Most of the land in the west was owned by the government, railroads or large farmers.

Dawes Act ~ 

Open Door Policy ~

"Triple Wall of Privilege" ~

The Deal is often called the period that "saved capitalism", and stopped America from becoming a "Communist", or "Fascist state" ~

Lend lease Act ~

Trade Deficit ~

Written on 2-6-2012 ___ Establishing An Economics War Of Balance __ In the Establishment of the United States of America, economics continues to evolve in every circumstance. As a whole united country the established balance of the economy starts with the appropriation  of taxes. Collection of taxes as an economical venture is amongst the distribution of a national currency. During its time individual spending of said currency in the sufficient manner is the continuance of said collection of taxes. In this manner of spending and collection the  country in association with legal and binding affiliates associates trade and sale.

Within each state appropriated within the country of the United States of America taxes are situated as a source to accommodate state needs.  This appropriated state tax differs from the national sales tax, with understanding of "My Five Issue Plan" a state has an income tax and the national tax is a sales tax. The state appropriations are of the Income Tax. People supply an income which through that an income tax is collected by the state for state spending. The overall sales tax collected by the Federal Reserves may step in and help state spending, this in the values in which the state is providing the security of monies being branched out throughout the united states.

As to when spenditure is in an economic establishing it can, or may generate capital to establish an economic income. This income provided by self determination is a fair junction of establishing provisions for one or from one to another.

The state as an individual entity within the country collects a set "provided" tax from the accumulation of income. This provides for state needs, and or issues.

In the manner of the "National Currency" in circulation within the country, each state has appropriations as to secure said monies. These funds are of the acceptance of the citizens of the country who are affiliated, joined and or from said state.

Banking of these issues as a whole and or equal accountability branches the circulation of said trade and continues the circulation of established performance of said country.

Money being branched out as a tool in continuance of the equal trade agreement allows the overall collection of usage, which by said revenue allows for a strong economic establishing. 

As "Distribution" is established through time transaction and or trade,  the sales taxes being applied collects overtime. A single note can or may generate substantial balances. (Revenue)

The use of checks, and credit cards and other payment recommendations issues the situated currency a longer period of usage before being worn, and or damaged and or lost. Through time and the established economic balance the federal reserves bank and other affiliate branch banks evaluate its consistency. 

This being "within a reason" of an economic establishing creates the abundance of surety, security, and a war like effort to secure a nation.

Boundaries within this country are limited to the balance of trade.

In order to have trade there has to be an economic balance of establishment. The people of the United States of America are equally involved as being an asset to trade and or even towards trade, by only the circumstance of being and accepting the "citizenship" of the United States of America.

To continue at another time. It is now 12:36 P.M. E.S.T. 2/20/12

3/5/2012 1:03 P.M. E.S.T. Taken from //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_debt_by_U.S._presidential_terms.

The U.S. Constitution in Article 1, Section 7 grants exclusive right to originate revenue related bills to the House of Representatives; the President's proposals are an indication of spending desired, but it is the House which defines the spending through the final wording of the bills "Congress rarely appropriates more than what the President requests.

__________________________Disbursing________________________________ What is Jobless Benefits

Some researching on 2-17-2012 Deficit = Money government takes in -  (or should it be federal government) Money government spends. __  {What should come first?

2012 U.S. Deficit ----- $1.33 Trillion ---------------------------------------- 2013 Proposed Budget Deficit = $901 Billion -------------------------------  National Debt = Total amount borrowed over time to fund the annual deficit. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Current National Debt = $15.3 Trillion (or $49,030 per every man, woman and child in the U.S or $135,773 per taxpayer

1. The U.S. national debt on January 1, 1791 was $75 Million. Today,  the nation debt rises by that amount about once an hour. January 1, 2012

2.This Countries nation started a debt by funding money to finance the Revolutionary War. In 1835 of January 1, President Andrew Jackson nearly eliminated the debt. Jackson argued against and, perhaps in demand the borrowing and spending and even banks, and he tried to eliminate all federal debt. Under Jackson the debt was just $33,733.

3. World War II by the end, the debt equaled 122 percent of GDP (Gross Domestic Product) is a measure of the entire economy. The economy grew 4.3 percent in the 1950's and 1960's each year of within those decades. The debt gradually declined to 38 percent of GDP in 1970. This year 2012 the office of Budget and Management expects the debt to equal 100 percent GDP. Can this be understood.

4. The budget for 2013 is projected to be at a deficit of $901 Billion, representing 5.5 percent of GDP, down from a deficit of $1.33 trillion of 2012

8. The U.S National Debt rises at an average of approximately $3.8 billion per day.

9. The U.S Government now borrows (2012) approximately $5 billion every business day.

11. The debt ceiling is the maximum amount of debt that Congress allows for the government. (spending/deficit). The current debt ceiling is $16,394 trillion effective January 30, 2012

12. The U.S government has to borrow 43 cents of every dollar that it currently spends, four times the rate in 1980.

You can track the national debt on a daily basis at Treasury Direct.

History of U.S. Savings Bonds (Bureau of the Public Debt)

How do Security Bonds pay off the National Debt ? (By Buying and  Selling)

1:50 P.M. Next entry of a search done on 9-23 2011 *Loan Act of 1723 The Assembly and Paper Money, 1723-1756 at www.startbank.com/history/assembly-paper-money.pdf 

Courts of Chancery ~ One of the first measures enacted in the assembly of 1691 was that which reenacted most of the Dongan Assembly in 1683, to legalize "the several ordinances, or reputed Laws, made by  the preceding Governors and Council for the Rule of their Majesties Subjects within the province" that were then recognized as still in  force. Most of the acts of the Assembly of 1691 followed word for word, with only slight variation, those of the Dongan Assembly. On  May 6, 1691, the House passed "an Act for the Establishing of Courts of Judicature for the ease and benefit of each respective City, Town, and County within this province" : The act changed the town courts into Courts of General Sessions for each of the counties; also it made for a Court of Chancery the same provisions that had been made by the act  of 1683. But the most important feature in the act was the creation of a Supreme Court. It declared that a Supreme Court of Judicature should be established in the city of New York, to be composed of a Chief Justice and four assistant judices, to be appointed by the Governor; and that it  should have cognizance of all actions, civil, criminal or mixed, as fully and amply as the courts of Kings Bench, Common Pleas or Exchequer of England, and should have power to establish rules and ordinances, and  to regulate the practice of the court.

Sullivan - History of New York State 1523-1927 www.courts.state.ny.us/history/elecbook/sullivan/pg5.htm

Searched : Colonial Governmental Deficiency - DeLancey

The Second Continental Congress was a convention of delegates  from the thirteen colonies that started meeting on may 10, 1775, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Soon after Warfare in the American Revolutionary War had begun

Battles of Lexington and Concord ~ April 19, 1775

Government ~ An Area of People

Next entry - Researched on 9-23-2011 William Burnet (Administrator) (March 1688 - 7 September 1729) was a British civil servant and colonial administrator who served as governor of New York and new Jersey  (1720-1728) and Massachusetts (1728). He was the son of Gilbert Burnet, the Bishop of Salisbury, and Mary Scott. He was born at the Hague in the Netherlands in March 1688. A tutor of his had been (Issac Newton). He was Comptroller of Customs in England before his terms as colonial governor. His first wife a daughter of Dean Stanhope died 1717. His second wife he married in New York in 1722, to Anna Maria Van Hoxe, and had three children. Governor of New York; In 1720, following a depression caused by fluctuating currencies of New York and Pennsylvania, James Alexander and the many of the assemblymen called for a new paper currency. In 1726, Burnet took a census of New Jersey, totalling 32,442 people.

Antipropietary men in the New Jersey Assembly did not openly criticize Burnet, but attempted to remove Morris from his position and failed. As a result, in 1722 Burnet created a second assembly, which would later pass the Loan Act in 1723.

His most important accomplishment as governor of New York was to strengthen the colony's position on the frontier. Burnet encouraged  direct trade with Indian tribes to reduce the influence of French trades. Many of the goods bartered with the Indians for furs were produced locally, while the French imported theirs. Because of this British  colonists could undercut French prices. he convened a meeting at Albany in 1722 of representatives from several colonies, that resulted in peace with Indian tribes for several years in New York, although the northern New England provinces were engulfed in Dummer's War.

But the costs of his actions earned opposition from established forces, like the DeLancey family. (It also interfered with their profits from selling goods to French fur traders). The crown replaced him in 1728 not for this dispute but to make room for John Montgomerie who was favored by King George II He was reassigned as governor of  Massachusetts and New Hampshire and left New York on 15 April 1728, when his replacement arrived.

We often do a duty by the way we are learned and also by self interest, although by reason, reason will usually succeed instead of opposition. This in fact takes time and is why some forms of Government do not exist and or if so seen to be acknowledged, will only be endured through representation. Certain representations are caused by laws in which can enable a subject to conquer.

Burnet is best known in Massachusetts for his hard-nosed attempt to  force the provincial assembly to grant crown officials (including the governor) a permanent salary. Since the institution of the royal charter in 1692, the assembly had resisted this, choosing instead to make periodic grants to the governor. Local politicians found this an effective mechanism for influencing the governor to promote their policies, since the governor would never know when the next grant would be made, or how large it would be.

Like other governors appointed to Massachusetts, Burnet was instructed to secure a salary. He chose to take an extremely hard  line : He refused to conduct any other business, or to dissolve the legislature, until the salary was decided. The legislature in turn refused to enact a salary bill. Burnet, in order to make life as difficult as possible for the legislators, relocated the assembly from Boston first to Salem and then Cambridge, increasing the costs of the legislators and facing many of them the comforts of their Boston - area properties. The legislators responded by sending Frances Wilkes and Jonathan Belcher as agents to London to argue the province;s case before the Board of Trade. The dispute was ongoing when Burnet died in Boston from a stroke on 7 September 1729. Burnet was succeeded in office by Belcher.

3:08 p.m. 

3/7/2012 1:21 P.M. E.S.T. Research ed on 9-21-11 Bureau of the Public Debt ~ Is an agency within the Fiscal Service of the United States Treasury Department. Under authority derived from Article 1, Section 8 of the Constitution, Public Debt is responsible for borrowing the money needed to operate the federal government,  and is where donations to reduce the debt can be made.

Financing the federal government is accomplished by selling Treasury bills, notes, bonds, Treasury inflation-protected securities, and U.S. Savings Bonds. {[(INTERESTING HOW IT IS A COMMODITY)]}

The United States Department of the Treasury is an executive department and the treasury of the United States federal government. It was established by and Act of Congress in 1789 to manage government revenue.

Act ~

Revenue ~ In business, revenue is income that a company receives from its normal business activities, usually from the sale of goods and services to customers.

Revenue is something that needs to be collected. Without the creation  of a revenue, a revenue cannot be collected. Government revenue includes all amounts of money (taxes and / or fees) received from sources outside the government entity. {taken from wikipedia}  {Although I'm not so agreeable on the terming of "the government entity and out side of it", perhaps the entity is jurisdiction and anything outside of it, jurisdiction being, being any pertaining law, search and lesson continues. -D.G.DeLancey] Large governments usually have an agency or department responsible for collecting government revenue from companies and individuals. {A State can also be considered as an individual as then, perhaps an entity. -D.G.DeLancey- This now appears to be unjustified because not all American Individuals have money.} No problem for a Company that's coorporated, although this Country is  being represented as a Company through the organizational writings in Lieu of the Bureau  of the Public Debt. +++++ D.G.DeLancey --- So in all right there is a problem - +++

3/9/2012 entered by a search retrieved on 2/21/12 It is now 2:15  P.M.  

Constitutional Courant ~

Proposed scheme of parliamentary taxation ~ www.hoover.org/publications/policy-review/article/7558 ~ The  Colonial Roots of American Taxation 1607-1700 | Hoover... { www.luaghtergenealogy.com/bin/histprof/misc/timeline6.html <-~-> Timeline of History, 1700-1799 - Laughter and Lawter }

Opposition of Colden ~ www.1911encyclopedia.org/Cadwallader_Colden ~ Cadwallader Colden - 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica - Free Online. (1688-11776), American physician and Colonial official... He came into frequent conflict with the growing sentiment in the colony in opposition to Royal taxation www.1911encyclopedia.org/Taxation

Declaration of rights and grievances ~ www.usconstitution.net/intol.html

Plan of union proposed by the Committee of Correspondence  Address to General Gage ~ www.changingtimes.net/resources/timeline_of_the_american_war_ of_.htm ------------------- Interest of General gage - follow timeline  of 1775 Bunker Hill. see also 1777, - Articles of Confederation

Meeting of the Merchants at Burns ' Coffee House ~ www.web-books.com/Classics/ON/Bo/B701/18mB701.html Answers.com .~. What happened in the American Revolution between the years of 1763-1775 ?

Proposition to renew the non-importation agreement ~ www.U-S-history.com/pages/h1247.html www.historycarper.com/resources/teotr/chap4.htm

Dissent of the Committee of Fifty-one- Great meeting in the fields ~ www.publicbookshelf.com/public_htm/Our_Country_Vol_2/political _di.htm/ - Political History of New York in 1774

Election of the New York delegates ~ www.history1700's.com/articles/article1003.shtml. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitutional_Convention _ (United_States) http://centanium.com/2000/01/ny-1788-com-elect-con.html

Second Colonial Congress at Philadelphia ~ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Continental_Congress

Restraining Acts of 1775 ~

Massachusetts Provincial Congress ~

First Provincial Congress Assemblies in New York ~ www.russpickett.com/ushist/uscont.htm

Search ~ Anthony Loockermans and the ship Golden Shark ~ 

The Swedish settlers on the Delaware ~ Jans Oloffsson

Politic - The Free Dictionary by Farlex ~ 1. Using or marked by prudence, expedience, and shrewdness; artful. 2. Using, displaying, or proceeding from policy; Judicious : A politic decision. 3. Crafty; cunning. 4. Concerning Civil Administration.

Dr. Cadwallader Colden my 7th Grandfather & Grandmother Alice Chryste. He was born February 7, 1688 England, UK. Son of Rev. Alexander Colden and Janet Colden. Alice was born 1689 and died January 17, 1762 New York, N.Y. His Mother's maiden name Janet Hughes

The History of the Five Indian Nations 1st book on the subject written by Dr. Colden as he was the first Colonial Representative to the Iroquois Confederacy, in New York. He is buried in Spring Hill a private cemetery 28th of September 1776

Administration ~ 1-: The act or process of administrating, especially the management of a government or large institution. 2-: The activity of a government or state in the exercise of its powers and duties. 3-: Often administration / a. The executive branch of government / b. The group of people who manage or direct an institution, especially a school or college. 4-: The term of office of an executive officer or body. 5-: Law Management and disposal of a trust or estate. 6-: The dispensing, applying, or tendering of something, such as an oath, a sacrament, or medicine.

3/11/12 1:41 P.M.  Census ~ Censuses had been taken prior to the Constitutions ratification; in the early 17th century, a census was taken in Virginia, and people were counted in nearly all of the  British colonies that became the United States. Throughout the years, the country's  needs and interests became more complex. This meant that statistics were needed to help people understand what was happening and have a basis for planning. The content of the decennial census changed accordingly. There were so many inquiries of all kinds of census in 1880 such as manufacturers, quantity and value of products accrued; In 1840, inquiries on fisheries had been issued, In 1850 issued census on social issues, such as taxation, churches, pauperism, and crime. The census spread geographically, to new states and territories added to the Union, as well as to other area's under U.S. sovereignty and jurisdiction. In 1890 a mechanized tabulating machine in quantity made by herman Hollerith reduced the processing time from a decade to two and a half years.

(1790-1870) census was conducted by Marshalls from the village and neighborhood and often knew the residents.

Margaret Ann DeLancey Born April 23, 1723 N.Y. N.Y. Died July 3, 1776 England. Married to John Watts Esq. July 1742. He was involved in settling the boundary between Massachusetts and New Hampshire. President of the Council of Colonial Affairs of New York City (1758) Rose Hill Estate named for the ancestral home in Scotland. Endowed the Leake and Watts Orphan House in New York; founder of the New York Society Library and on its first board of trusties; member of the Committee of Correspondence; Kings Council (1756-1775) politician member of the Assembly for the Province of New York.

Susan (DeLancey) Barclay Daughter of Peter DeLancey Sr. and Elizabeth (Colden) DeLancey ~

Hon. Henry White of the Council of the Province of New York, and his wife Eve Van Cortlandt, of Yonkers ~

Mr. DeLancey and Frances Munro daughter of Peter Jay Munro and  Eve Jay daughter of Peter Jay 1st name of Rye a younger brother of his was Chief Justice John Jay. Search Peter Jay and Margaret White ~

Philip Kearny, son of Philip Kearny married Susannah, daughter of John and Ann (DeLancey) Watts, of New York moved to Newark New Jersey ~

A cooperative among Poughkeepsie area merchants ~

Clerk of the Common Council of New York City ~

Searched on 12-30-11 DeLancey Historical Colonial Entities ~ www.thefreelibrary.com/Making+tribes%3f+Constructing

It is still 3/11/12 now 2:19 p.m. with the a portion of the Franks  family; a Jewish family whom resided in New York. --------------------- Phila Franks (1722-1811), married Oliver DeLancey. Senior officer of the British Army in America. This branch of the family moved to England at the turn of the War. He died 1785. Phila continued in England where her daughters married prominent men and her sons made names for themselves.

Originally from England, the Franks family were Colonial Merchants who settled in New York City during the 1700's.

Correspondences of Abigail Franks in New York to her son, Naphtali, in England.

Bilhah Abigail Levy (circa 1696-1756 was born to Moses and Rachel Levy German Jews who had immigrated to London and then moved  to America at the turn of the 18th century.

Jacob (1688-1769) also immigrated from England to New York in the 1700's and boarded in the levy household. In 1712, Franks wed sixteen-year old Abigail Levy. They were married for forty-four years and had nine children.

Naphtali (1715-1796) called "Heartsey a Yiddish nickname meaning 'dear heart', was the eldest. He was sent to his fathers relatives in London to enter the family merchant business and to ensure he  marry a Jewish woman. He married his first cousin, a daughter of Jacob's brother Issac Frank (?-1736) and became an important  member of the London  Jewsish Community.

Phila Franks (1722-1811 DeLancey's wife... another daughter Phila's sister, Richa close in age to Phila was probably born sometime before 1717. She was courted by a member of the Gomez family, a leading Sephardic family in New York. However, Abigail Franks regarded the man as a "stupid wretch" and Richa rejected his proposal.

This information is collected here from American Jewish Historical Society Center for Jewish History 15 West 16th Street New York, NY 10011 ~~~~ Guide to the Papers of the Franks Family 1711-1821, [1965-1968] P-142 Processed by Rachel Pollack and Deena Schwimmer. A J H S Center of Jewish History 

Another son David Franks (1720-1793), youngest son of Jacob and  Abigail Franks, was one of the first Jews to settle in Montreal. David Salisbury Franks joined the American colonists in the battle against the British in Canada. Following the colonists 'defeat there, he retreated  to Philadelphia and joined the Continental Army. David served as an Aid- de-Camp to Benedict Arnold, the military governor of Philadelphia, and was later cast under suspicion of disloyalty when Arnold's treason became known. Franks was subsequently cleared of all charges, promoted, and took part in numerous highly important diplomatic missions for the United States, including one to Paris where he delivered to benjamin Franklin the treaty that officially ended the Revolutionary War and established American Independence. However, his association with Arnold continued to plague him, and his political enemies were able to use it to have  him dismissed from the diplomatic corps in 1786. Franks fought to have  his reputation restored, and did subsequently hold other government positions. He died in poverty from yellow fever in 1793, and was rescued from Potter's Field by a  Christian neighbor, who had him interred in Christ Church's Burial Yard in Philadelphia.

Issac Franks (1759-1822), a cousin to the Levy-Franks, fought in the battle of Long Island in the revolutionary War, and was and aid-de-camp to George Washington, with whom he maintained a lengthy relationship. He later settled in Philadelphia, and was involved in numerous business endeavors. It was to Issac Franks house in Germantown Pa. that Washington relocated the seat of government during a yellow fever epidemic in 1793. In 1794, Franks, received a Lt. Colonel's commission from Pennsylvania's governor, hence fourth becoming known as Colonel Franks.

John Franks (dates unknown), of Halifax. it is not certain of the relation being he has the surname name, and have not yet found any record to the family.

Nicholas Bayard ~ www.famousamerican.net/nicholasbayard

Bowery Farm in the City of New York ~

Hunt Family ~ Lieutenant-Colonel Benjamin Hunt, the Loyalist son of Thomas Hunt of Eastchester. A widow, Mercy Hunt, whose will  proved July 5, 1762, mentions sons Jeremiah, Pexall, and Benjamin. Thomas Hunt whose will was proved Nov. 6, 1770; and 4th Benjamin Hunt, Junior, eldest son. There were actually four Benjamin Hunts. The family were supposed to have descended from a younger son of  Thomas Hunt  of Shrewsbury, Shropshire in 1613, which would mean that Thomas the immigrant ancestor was such younger son or a son of his of the same name "Thomas". There is also a Thomas Hunt that was Sheriff of Shropshire and a colonel in the Parliamentary Army.

The Arms assigned to the family are the same as given in Burke's  General Armory to the Hunts of Longnor, Shropshire. A name of Bolton  is of reference of these factors. Bolton in affiliation with the New York Genealogical and Biographical Society. The immigrant ancestor of this family like the immigrant ancestor of the great Washington himself was a Royalist and member of the Church of England, escaping from the rule of the victorious enemies of the Church and Crown, and his descendants for the most part, continued to be attached to the Church of England for several generations. They are frequently referred to as Church Officials. Some of this family in the early generations united with the Society of Friends.

Thomas Hunt was of Stamford, Connecticut., in 1650 and 1653,  probably of Rye, N.Y.., in 1652, and removed to Westchester where he obtained, Dec. 4, 1667, from Governor Nichols a patent for the "Grove Farm" which was "ratified and confirmed" to him by Governor Dongan in 1686 (Bolton, iip.268-9). He died 1694. His wife's name is Cecilia, no notice yet of her maiden name. He had sons. 1. Thomas Hunt Jr. before 1644; married in 1665 to Elizebeth Jessup. His eldest son Thomas, born 1666, died Oct. 1739 age 73 m. Elizabeth Gardiner.  Thus the second Thomas was at first known as Thomas Hunt Jr., and after his son  Thomas became of age, as Thomas Hunt Sr. of (the town of) West Farms, while the first Thomas Hunt became Thomas Hunt Sr. of the Grove Farm. When the first Thomas died his grandson Thomas had been of age and an active participant in the affairs of the community for seven years, destined himself to become in time  Thomas Hunt, Sr., and so these Thomas Hunts, Senior and Junior, are more or less confused by Bolton and Wyman. One thing is abundantly clear; they were all men of position, influence and usefulness.

The Hunt Family came into possession of Hunt's Point at the extremity  of Planting Neck in West Farms by marriage of Thomas Hunt to the daughter of Edward Jessup. It will be seen that there is also a Hunt's Point in Nova Scotia.

They are described as Trustees of the Freehold and Commonality of Westchester.

John Hunt, had a son William baptized, October 7, 1680; was a justice  in 1702.______________________________________________________ Joseph Hunt, born before 1652, had a son of age in 1696.____________ Josiah Hunt, married before June 28, 1671. More information and  what is applied here can be found by searching *{William and Martha (Hunt) Tippett of Yonkers}* which is of The DeLancey's "A Romance of Great Family". By applying the search within these brackets *{ - }* go to the results and click: Read the ebook The Genealogical and Biographical.

Martha daughter of Moses Hunt (Josiah, Thomas); wife unknown. His father the first Josiah, by his will dated March 30, 1729, proved Dec, 19, 1732 devised to him 40 acres of upland in the Long Reach, being the north lot bought of Richard Parton, also 10 acres on the Long  Reach being the 9th lot bought of Dora Garretson and 75 privileges in said tract. He died in May, 1764, and his will dated 1760, was  probated May 21, 1764. His children (ten in all) in the order in which they were mentioned in his will were. Sons Benjamin, Timothy, married Sara Taylor June 6, 1766, Sara Ferris, Reuben,. Daughters: Mary married Yeomans. Rebecca, married Joseph (?) Gee. Sara married before June 30, 1760. John Oakley, Jr., who died 1773, had sons John and Stephen, and daughters, Elizabeth, Mary and three others. IV. Martha married William Tippett of Yonkers, and had Abigail, Lavinia, Jean, Dorcas, Philena, married Ezekiel Arthus. Ann, married Michael Ryett. V. Vinnus married Oakley (one of these Oakleys was. VI. Phoebe, m. Oakley | William, the other David.

William Tippett of Yonkers ~ George Tippett Jr. ~ Mehitable Tippett about 1660 married Joseph Hadley - she was born before 1639 in  Yonkers N.Y. ~ The Hunt's, Hadley's, Baxter's and Tippett's were closely related. 

George Tippett of Yonkers b. about 1675, son of George and Mehitable (Betts) Tippett. He is also husband of Dorcas Baxter._______________ Another Hunt ~ James Tippett, married Martha Hunt, daughter of Thomas Hunt and granddaughter of Joseph Hunt of the Grove Farm. http://www.archive.org/stream/baxterfamilydescoobaxt_djvu.txt Internet Archive Stream/BaxterFamilyDescendants {Original Search by D.G.DeLancey was Tippett and DeLancey on Yahoo.com

William Tippett son of William Tippett Sr. married Martha Hunt, a Royalist went to Nova Scotia after the Revolution. Had daughter Martha Tippett and perhaps married at Annapolis, Nova Scotia 178? to James DeLancey one of the foragers of the Neutral Ground during  the Revolution, son of Peter DeLancey and his wife Alice or better known as Elizabeth, daughter of Cadwallader Colden. All of George Tippett's sons died before him, except William Tippett Sr. he died 1769.

Tippets Brook ~ A major link in the natural drainage pattern of Van Cortlandt Park, which encompasses a watershed of slightly under 850 acres. Runoff collects in the stream, drains into van Cortlandt Lake, and eventually empties into the Harlem River via a network of underground sewers. Long gone are the days of the Lenape,  Tippetts, and Van Cortlandts. A quiet stream that is home to such diverse flora  as phragmites, cattails, marshmallows, willow herbs, and cursed crowfoot. The area is also a must-see for bird and wildlife watchers, who can occasionally spot herons, owls, woodpeckers, rabbits, raccoons, muskrats, and skunks in the vicinity. (source found at ) : New York City Department of Parks & Recreation ~ Van Cortlandt Park. Search was George Tippett of Yonkers. ~ : Tippett bought a tract of land from Elias Doughty in 1668, located within what is now Van Cortlandt Park and the Riverdale section of the Bronx. The land was a portion of the massive estate which Doughty had inherited  from his brother-in-law, Adrian Van der Donck, which encompassed all the land between the Hudson and Bronx Rivers, from Saw Mill River in what is now Westchester County south to Spuyter Duyvil Creek. -Information found at Van Cortlandt Park Conservancy.

Tippett Vally New York ~

James DeLancey "Outlaw of the Bronx and the head of the famed "DeLancey Cowboys" married to Martha Tippett. These are my 5th Great Grand Parents whom ended up in Nova Scotia at the end of the Revolutionary War. I believe there was one child of theirs born in New York City. James was as well as John, his older brother Stephen and father Peter, Sheriff of Westchester County and during the Revolution. He was of the time neutral and stayed in the county of Westchester NY. He was the only one in charge of that area as far as  I can tell, perhaps there were positions of the British there as well  due to his uncle Oliver being General and head of the DeLancey Brigade New York's Police Force, which was obtained before the  start of the war due to violent riots and activity in the area. The  DeLancey Brigade served throughout the colonies. Heavily in Georgia they  were and were the last of the British to leave. As other formed militia  units and some for some time being independent the DeLancey Brigade was in course of the pertaining government which under the standards of law and the justice system had been in force with the British Military. In all regards if the DeLancey Faction rebelled against the British they would have rebelled also  against the Revolutionaries for the opposing efforts were in the sights of the DeLancey Faction in which being involved with the DeLancey Brigade operated by Oliver DeLancey Sr. and other DeLancey family members with friends and other allied correspondences. The DeLancey Faction held a form of government and knew taxation was a basis of operating a governmental system, in all aspects the DeLancey faction would of been at the top levels of agreements with the British and the Revolutionaries. As we can see further into the creation of the United States opposing sides continued to somehow operate a governmental system and which included taxation and a sense of a monetary system. This pertaining venture we will see has involved individuals that would measure some self influence and character of obtaining the balances and or measure of a governmental system. It  is a reconcilable issue to understand what a governmental system is. {The last ten sentences here were adjust and added on 3/23/2012 at 10:48 p.m. 

3:13 P.M.

3/12/12 1:21 P.M. E.S.T. These letters are part of my last name.

A a ~ The earliest certain ancestor of "A" is aleph, the first letter of the Phoenician alphabet (which by consisting entirely of consonants, is an objad rather than a true alphabet). In turn, the origin of aleph may have been a pictogram of an ox head in Egyptian hieroglyphs. _  W http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/alpha and /aleph an /A

N n ~ An instance of this letter printed, written, or otherwise represented. The 14th letter in the alphabet in English. Someone or something arbitrarily or conveniently designated. An indefinite number : a constant integer or a variable taking on integral values  (as in an equation, curve, or algebraic expression) the rules for the permutations of ~ things taken ' at a time : the gametic number of chromosomes - compare

C c ~ A deeded land to B and C together used after the clef sign on a musical staff. Cap; the numerical value of a cipher letter when the cipher component is serially numbered from 0 to 25 (P+K=C is the vigeernere keying method) Cap consonant

E e ~ An award use in a form of Pennant bearing a symbolic E for excellence or exceptional merit (as in performance production or product) (award to keep guard)

Y y ~ Tending or inclined to; somewhat, rather. Activity, place of business. Something having the shape of Y as a forked leveling device,  an axis, two diverging branches, arranged. Perfective, associative, and collective prefix (often used to form perfective verbs sequently made to function as the past participles of the corresponding simple verbs) -  more at Co- used in a few especially, archaic past participles that have survived or have been revived from an occasional, in other verb forms coined by analogy with such past participles (y-pointing)

A Guide To The Rivers-Barclay Family Papers, 1698-1941 (bulk 1790-1880 The Library of Virginia. http://www.|va.virginia.gov/findaid/37776.htm Rivers and Barclay families of Albemarle and Nelson Counties, Virginia, and canada and New York

James DeLancey ~ Born 1732 New York City. Death 1800 Bath England ~ Author of the Resolution (adopted) 25 March, 1775) ordering that a petition be sent to the king, a memorial to the lords, and a remonstrance to the Commons, demanding redress of the grievances of the colonists. These were subsequently presented by Edmund Burke, but contemptuously refused and voted down. The remonstrance to the commons was drafted by James DeLancey in May, 1775, he sailed for England to urge the views of the assembly of N.Y. on the home government.

Second Virginia Convention at Richmond in March 1775. ~ The  Virginia delegates were divided between those who wanted only a peaceful solution to the imperial dispute and those who also were ready to prepare for military resistance. Patrick Henry led the call  for preparedness and introduced a resolutions to that effect. He supported its passage with the legendary speech that closed with "Give me liberty or give me death". Henry carried the day by no  more than a half dozen votes. source wikipedia at talk "Patrick  Henry" Topic Paragraph Patrick Henry

Even during this time of the Revolution there were opponents of each colony in opposition with each other. Perhaps resolved by the  Declaration of Independence of 1776 at least the colonies could try and support a government.

At this time the force of society was achieving its own ability. Arbitrary comes into effect and now, perhaps is a time for a declaration. The admittance of law and order. To keep neutral and, perhaps save the reputation of protection as not to be enacted as a fault, an acceptance had to accrue.

Patrick Henry already considered the government dissolved, and was seeking a new system. Pennsylvania Joseph Galloway sought reconciliation with britain. He put fourth a "Plan of Union", which suggested an American legislative body be formed, with some authority, and whose consent would be required for imperial measures. John Jay, Edward Rutledge, and other personage of the american colonies supported Galloway's Plan.

3/15/2012 12:06 P.M. E.S.T. Proctor and its first names for part of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries residing at Massachusetts Connecticut, England, and New Hampshire. (found at www.fortunecity.com/meltingpot/Jericho/331/proctor/Names.htm. John Proctor of Ipswich and Salem - Free Hosting, Web Hosting. Search  by David George DeLancey with William and Martha (Hunt) Tippett of Yonkers

3/15/12 12:13 p.m. In 1635 Thomas Willet, George Baxter and divers other families from Massachusetts settled with the Dutch on Manhattan. They probably returned to Massachusetts often, for William Paddy was treasurer of Plymouth Colony from 1640 to 1653. Many  deeds were signed by him as witness, on which appear also as  witnesses the names of Capt. Thomas Willet and Ensign George Baxter. His wife's name is not given, but tradition gives her the name of Mary Adams. He probably married her in Massachusetts. The Baxter's Memorial speaks of a Gregory Baxter who settled at Roxbury, Mass., 1630. His daughter Abigail married Joseph Adams and they were the grandparents of John Adams, second President of the United States. Mary Adams remains to be seen of the Braintree famly. It is a long Baxter tradition that then George Baxter was the first ancestor on American soil who then married Mary Adams.

In 1635 the fur-trade was the only industry of New Netherland. Farming was scarcely attempted; in fact the soil of Manhattan was not well adapted for tillage. A profitable intercourse was carried on with New England, especially with newport, by means of small vessels, which were constantly passing between them.

Dutch vessels early brought tobacco, salt, horses, oxen, and sheep from Holland to Boston. An old account says "They came from the Texal, in five weeks and lost not one beast or sheep". Potatoes from Bermuda were worth two-pence a pound, a good cow, twenty-five  or thirty pounds (about Two Hundred Dollars). Thus a settler's cattle were by far the most valuable of his possessions. The Indians knew this and generally began hostilities by slaughtering the cattle.

In 1638, Manhattan Island was almost, a wilderness, and excepting the Indians it was inhabited only by a few traders and clerks in the service of the Dutch West India Company. The soil remained almost entirely uncultivated, and the bowery's or farms only numbered half a-dozen.

The first street layed out was Pearl Street, in 1633, it was then on  the banks of the river.

August 20, 1641. Deed. Jan Schepmos to George Baxter and Walter Harfoot, of his house and Plantation. George's success in farming was  not very good. The English on Manhattan had about that time (1641) formed a settlement called Hopton, just opposite the lower end of Blackwell's Island and on Manhattan

1642. The increasing number of English men at New Amsterdam made it necessary to have a more regular means of communication with them,  as Keift and his councillors were quite ignorant of the English language. George Baxter, an English gentlemen of education, was appointed English secretary by Gov. Keift at an annual salary of two hundred and fifty guilders ($200). This was the first official recognition of the English language at New Amsterdam.

In the spring of 1643 an Indian war broke out, Eleven Tribes of Indians numbering about two thousand warriors, declared war against the Dutch settlers. Most settlers fled to the fort. Outside the fort walls had been also of refuge, closely netted huts were set up for  the protection. This  is when 2 or 3 other streets were formed around the southern and eastern walls of the fort, after the clearing of the war. After the danger had passed these houses were permitted to remain and grants of the  land were made to the possessors. Thus were formed that portion of the present Pearl Street. On Pearl Street, near its junction with Whitehall was the house of George Baxter, and at the junction of Whitehall and State Streets were the house of Thomas Baxter. These two Baxter's were brothers,  according to J. F. Innes, in his "People of New Netherlands"

Committee of Foreign Plantations ~

July, 1633. George Baxter ordered by the Council of Foreign Plantations to draw up a brief narrative of the King's right and title  to Manhattan Island.

1663. Capt. George Baxter brought the Royal Charter of King Charles II to the General Court of Commissioners of Rhode Island, assembled for the last time under Parliamentary Patent. He received twenty-five pounds for bringing and reading the same.

Long Island in New England was the eastern half of the Island which was settled by English from Massachusetts; the western part was claimed by the Dutch.

After the Restoration, which accrued May, 1660, George Baxter returned to England, where he with John Scott and samuel Maverick were called before the Committee of Foreign Plantations to give an account of the title of England to the Colony of New Netherlands.

1653. A spirit os disaffection was spreading amongst the Englishmen on Long island. They were in a measure excluded from the government, Stuyvesant, under the influence of Baxter and Hubbard, was now foremost in opposing the Provincial Government. Stuyvesant called for a popular convention at New Amsterdam for  the safety of the Colonists on Nov. 23, 1653. It was held in the City Hall. Four Dutch and Four English towns were represented by ten Dutch and nine Englishmen delegates. Baxter and Hubbard were the delegates from Gravesend. A  remonstrance to the States-General was drawn up. Dec. 1, 153, by George Baxter, and adopted by the convention. Though drawn up by baxter it was signed by every delegate. At this time England and  Holland were at war.

1654. ___ Baxter retired into New England. A Mr. Baxter is mentioned  as being a planter in Connecticut in that year. It was probably George Baxter. Early in 1655 Baxter returned, and on March 9, 1655, Baxter, Hubbard and Groves raised the English flag and claimed Long island for the Republic of England. George Baxter read this Declaration: _______ "We as individuals to the English nation, here present, do for divers reasons and notions, claim and assume to ourselves, as free-born English subjects, the laws of our nation, the republic of England, over the place as to our persons and property,  in love and harmony, according to the general peace between the two states in this country. God almighty preserve the republic of England, the Lord Protector, and also the continuance of peace between the two countries. Amen".

Nov. 14, 1654 Thomas Pell purchased a tract of land from the Sachem Wampage and some other indians. It was called Westchester by the English, and Oestdorp by the Dutch, and was twelve miles from Fort Amsterdam.

Aug. 17, 1652. Elsje, a daughter of Thomas Baxter, was baptized. Sponsors : Elsje Muytings, Elsje Hendricks, Carol Van Brugger and Govert Loockermans. An expert says that was Elsje or Alice Newton, wife of Capt. Byran Newton. Carol Van Brugger was Dutch for Charles Bridges. Govert Lookermans was a prominent figure in the early history of New Netherlands. His daughter married Oloff Stevenson Van Cortlandt.

1. Generation in the New World Thomas Baxter married Bridget Waters  2nd Generation: His son Thomas Baxter married Rebecca  their 5th child of eleven children a daughter Dorcas Baxter born. 1685 married George Tippett Jr. from here we have William Tippett Sr. and his son William Tippett Jr. James an older brother of William Jr. also had married a Martha Hunt. William Jr. married her cousin Martha Hunt of them  (about 1764) Martha Tippett was born and was married to James DeLancey of Westchester New York of Peter of the same place, son of Etienne of  Caen France via back to 1432 of that area of large holdings of France starting with as history shows the deLancey name to Guy deLancey married to Anne de Marchelly. Find more at Anciently DeLancey.

Thomas Baxter born Aug 17, 1675 son of Thomas Baxter and (Rebecca) married Abigail about 169_ Children - +Mary b. 1677 m. Kenison. +John, b. May 11, 1679; m. Mary Honeywell about 1705. +Rebecca, b. 1682; m. John Palmer. +Dorcas, b. 1685; m. George Tippett of Yonkers m. about 1675 son of George and Mehhitable (Betts) Tippet. He had a sister who married Joseph Hadley, also named Mehitable.  So the three families of Betts, Tippett and Hadley were closely related. George and Dorcas (Baxter) Tippett had : +George : +James, m.  Martha Hunt, daughter of Thomas Hunt & grand-daughter of Joseph Hunt of the Grove Farm. +Thomas. +William, m. Martha Hunt, here is where the family of James Delancey enters, daughter of  Moses Hunt grand-daughter of Josiah Hunt of Grove Farm. +Jane, m. Charles Warner. +Phebe, m. George Hadley, a first cousin. +Dorcas, m. Samuel Berriam 4th son of Nicholas Berrian, a Huguenot  emigrant.

A delancey as this spelling is entered amongst the above information found at Internet Archive The Baxter Family in it is the entry of Mrs. Elizabeth Baxter Sands will, 1759. I may also mention of the three deLancey brothers of whom help't build the Dutch Church and may be the first Dutch church in the New Netherlands area, I shall find who  these brothers are for the New York deLancey children of Etienne were born after the church was built. These early  DeLancey's may be of England or France, and I mention England first for a reason, my search continues. with Mrs. Elizabeth (Baxter)  Sands. This particular delancey had  married a Susanna Betts she was  a daughter of Joseph and Abigail (Baxter) Betts. Abigail is the daughter of Thomas Baxter Jr. and Rebecca (__?__).

3/17/2012 11:01 A.M. E.S.T.  Researched through wikipedia (sources)  on 3/16/12 Sophia of Hanover ~ October 14, 1630 - June 8, 1714 was  the Electress of Hanover from 1692 - 1698. She was also an heiress to  the crowns of England and Ireland and later the crown of Great Britain,  a country she never visited. She was declared heiress presumptive to Queen Ann of England, Ireland and Scotland by the Act of Settlement 1701, which was passed by the English parliament and therefore only applied to the Kingdom of England (which included Wales) and the Kingdom of Ireland. A few years later, the Kingdom of scotland agreed  to accept the Hanoverian succession for the new single thrown of a new country, the Kingdom of Great Britain that Scotland and England had agreed to unite as and which come into being under the Acts of Union 1707. Sophia, a granddaughter of James Vi and I, died less than two months before she would have became queen; her claim to the thrown passed on to her oldest son, George Louis, Elector of Hanover, who ascended them as George I on August 1, 1714. Old Style.

In the 17th Century, Europe was undergoing expansive social, cultural, and economic growth. In the Netherlands this is known as the Dutch Golden Age. Nations vied for domination of lucrative trade routes across the globe, particularly those to Asia.

Dutch Republic ~ was a republic in Europe existing from 1581 to  1795, until the 16th century, the Low Countries - roughly now corresponding to netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg consisted of a number of duchies, counties and bishoprics, most of which were under the supremacy of the Holy Roman Empire. Most of the Low Countries had came under rule of the House of Burgundy and subsequently the House of Habsburg. In, 1549 Holy Roman Emperor Charles V issued the Pragmatic Sanction, which further unified the Seventeen Provinces under his rule. Charles was succeeded by his son, King Philip II of Spain. In 1568 the Netherlands,  led by William I of Orange, revolted against Philip II because of ("high taxes"), persecution of Protestants by the government, and Philip's efforts to modernize and centralize the devolved - medieval government structures of the provinces. This was the start of the Eighty Years ' War. In 1579 a number of the northern provinces of the Netherlands signed  the Union of Utrecht, in which they promised to support each other in their defense against the Spanish Army. This was followed in 1581 by  the Act of Abjuration, the declaration of independence of the provinces from Philip II.

Above map of the Habsburg Dynasty. Inserted on 3/17/12 1:25 p.m.

Counter-Reformation ~ (also called Catholic Revival or Catholic Reformation) was the period of Catholic revival beginning with the Council of Trent (1545-1563) and ending at the close of the Thirty Years' War, 1648 as a response to the Protestant Reformation. The Counter-Reformation was a comprehensive effort, composed of four major elements : 1. Ecclesiastical or structural reconfiguration. 2. Religious orders. 3. Spiritual movements. 4. Political dimensions.

Protestant Reformation ~ The efforts of the self-described "reformers", who objected to ("protests") the doctrines, rituals, and ecclesiastical structure of the Roman Catholic Church, led to the creation of new national Protestant Churches. The Reformation  began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church by priests who apposed what they perceived as false doctrines and ecclesiastic malpractice. The Protestant Reformation began on 31 October 1517  in Wittenberg, Saxony, where Martin Luther nailed his Ninety-Five Thesis on the  Power and Efficacy of Indulgences to the door of the Castle church, in Wittenberg.

Council of Constance ~ In Constance, Germany. Held from 1414 - 1418

Next picture ~ Sophia of Hanover 

Above ~ Map of the Republic of the Seven United Provinces. ~~~~~~~~~ Below ~ Map of New Netherland.

Philip II of Spain and his wife Elizabeth of Valois ~ He is the son of Charles V 

1:45 P.M. E.S.T. Continuing from above paragraphical venture of the Dutch Republic ~ In 1582 the United Provinces invited Francis, Duke of Anjou to lead them; but after a failed attempt to take Antwerp in 1583, the duke left the Netherlands again. After the assassination of William  of Orange (July 10, 1584) both Henry III of France and Elizabeth I of England declined the offer of sovereignty. However Elizabeth agreed to turn the United Provinces into a protectorate of England (Treaty of Nonsuch, 1585), and sent the Earl of Leicester as governor-general. This was unsuccessful and in 1588 the provinces became a republic. The  Union of Utrecht is regarded as the foundation of the Republic of the Seven United Provinces, which  was not recognized by the Spanish  Empire until the Twelve Years Truce in 1609.

Sophia ~ Born to Frederick V. Elector Palatine, and Elizabeth of  Scotland, Queen of Bohemia, in 1630. Sophia grew up in the Dutch Republic, where her family had sought refuge after the sequestration of their Electorate during the Thirty Years' War.

Electoral Palatinate ~ The first hereditary Count Palatine of the  Rhine was Conrad of Hohenstaufen who was the younger brother of Frederick Barbarossa. "Electorate" ~ In the {Golden Bull of 1356}, the Palatinate was recognized as one of the secular electorates, and given the hereditary offices of Arch-Steward of Franconia, Swabia, the Rhine, and Southern Germany. From that time forth the Count Palatine of the  Rhine was usually known as the Elector Palatine. Due to the practice of dividing territories among different branches of the family, by the early 16th century junior line of the Palatine Wittelsbachs came to rule in Simmern, Kaiserslautern, and Zweibrucker in the Lower Palatine, and in Neuburg and Sulzbach in the Upper Palantinate. The Elector Palatine, now based in Heidelberg, adopted Lutheranism in the 1530's and Calvinism in the 1550's. When the senior branch of the family died out in 1559, the Electorate passed to Frederick III of Simmern, (Simmern Germany) a staunch Calvinist, and the Palatinate became of the major centers of Calvinism in europe, supporting Calvinist rebellions in both  the Netherlands and France.

Sophia is mother to: +George I of Great Britain (1660-1772) +Frederick Augustus of Brunswick-Luneberg (1661-91), Imperial General. +Maximillion William of Brunswick-Luneburg (1666-1726), Field Marshal in the Imperial Army. +Sophia Charlotte (1668-1705), Queen in Prussia. +Charles Philip of Brunswick-Luneburg (1669-90), Colonel in the  Imperial Army. +Christian of Brunswick-Luneburg (1671-1703). +Ernest Augustus of Brunswick-Luneburg Duke of York and Albany (1674-1728) became prince-bishopric of Osnabuck as Ernest Augustus  II.

Castle Island (New York) ~ In the City of Albany, Albany County, New York of over the past 400 years this place has been called Martin Gerritse's Island, Patroons' Island, Van Rensselaer Island, and since the late 19th century has been referred to as Westerlo Island. Van  Rensselaer Island is also the name of a former island opposite Albany, in the city of Rensselaer.

Albany County was created on November 1, 1683 by New York Governor Thomas Dongan, and later confirmed on October 1, 1691.

Dongan Charter is the 1686 document incorporating Albany New York as a city. Albany's charter was issued by Governor Thomas Dongan of the Province of New York, a few months after Governor Dongan issued a similarly worded, but less detailed charter for the city of New York. The charter is the oldest existing city charter still in force in the  United States and possibly in all the Western Hemisphere.  The City of Albany was created three years after the County of Albany.

 3/19/2012 10:44 A.M. E.S.T. ------------ Category here is the Assessment of the Economy ~ 

Centeris Paribus ~ Translates as "with other things the same", or "all other things being equal or held constant". It is an example of an ablative absolute and is commonly rendered in English as "All other things being equal". A prediction, or a statement about causal or logical connections between two states of affairs, is qualified by  ceteris paribus in order to acknowledge, and to rule out, the possibility of other factors that could override the relationship between the antecedent and the consequent.

Human Rights ~ Accordingly by law ~ are "basic rights and freedoms that all people are entitled to ("regardless") < of nationality, sex,  age, national or ethnic origin, race, religion, language, or other status"

Virtue of being human ~ Virtue ethics ~ describes the character of a moral agent than rules (deontology), consequentialism (which  derives rightness or wrongness from the outcome of the act itself rather than character), or social context (pragmatic ethics).

Aristotle categorized the virtues as moral and intellectual. Aristotle identified nine intellectual virtues, the most important of which was wisdom; sophia (theoretical wisdom) and phronesis (practical wisdom). The other eight moral virtues include : Prudence, Justice, Fortitude, Courage, Liberality, Magnificence, Magnanimity, Temperance.

Parallel ~ Extending in the same direction, equidistant at all points, and never converging or diverging : Having the same direction, course, nature, or tendency; corresponding; similar; analogous :

Something to do with the United States House of Representatives Historical Data ~ During the first half and mid 19th century; Regional conflict was most pronounced over the issue of slavery. One  example  of a provision repeatedly supported by the House but blocked by the Senate was the Wilmot Proviso, which sought to ban slavery in the land gained during the Mexican-American War. {source found at wikipedia} Conflict over slavery and other issues persisted until the Civil War (1861-1865), which began soon after several southern states  attempted to secede from the Union.

Wilmot Proviso ~ One of the major events leading to the Civil War, Congressman David Wilmot first introduced the Proviso in the United States House of Representatives on August 8, 1846 as a rider on a $2,000.000 appropriations bill intended for the final negotiations to resolve the Mexican-American War. (In fact this was only three months into the two-year war). It passed the House but failed in the Senate, where the South had greater representation. It was reintroduced in February 1847 and again passed the House and failed in the Senate. In 1848, an attempt to make it part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo also failed. Sectional conflict over slavery in the Southwest continued up to the Compromise of 1850. After an earlier attempt to acquire Texas by treaty had failed to receive the necessary two-thirds  approved of the Senate, the United States annexed the Republic of Texas by a Joint Resolution of Congress that required simply a  majority vote in each house of congress.  President John Tyler signed the bill on March 1, 1845 in the warning days of his presidency. As many expected, the annexation led to war with Mexico. After the capture of New Mexico and California in the first phases of the war,  the political focus shifted to how much territory would be acquired from Mexico. Key to this was the determination of the future status of slavery in any new territory. [source found at wikipedia]

Bank Charter Act ~ of 1844 - passed under the government of Robert Peel. It restricted the powers of British banks and gave exclusive note-issuing powers to the central Bank of England.

As it is seen history backers of bank notes supply a form of security.  It was wise to see a central bank, but it still recognized a self  interest of protecting a monetary system, now based as a central concern. Although the public in issue as well has again been limited. It is the interest rate issued, better known as a formed tax revenue  to the bank's asset's, the lenders and or security holders, that limit the currency. Currency meaning a certain flow of monetary discipline.

John Watts Esq. son of Honorable Robert Watts and Mary Nicholl

John Watt Sr. son of Adam Watt Sr. and Alisone  Cas or Coer Scotland. Adam is the son of Deacon John Watt and Euphome Porteous.

Henrietta Maria of France (25 November, 1609 to 10 September,  1669) was the Queen Consort of England, Scotland, Ireland as the wife of King Charles I. ~ Henrietta first met her future husband in Paris, in 1623, while he was traveling to Spain with the Duke of Buckingham  to discuss a possible marriage with the Infanta Maria Anna of Spain - Charles first saw her at a French court  entertainment. Charles trip to Spain ended badly, however as King Philip IV of Spain demanded he convert to Catholicism and live in Spain for a year after the wedding to ensure England's compliance with the terms of the treaty. Charles was outraged, and upon returning to England in October, he and Buckingham demanded King James declare war on Spain.

In 1640 Jehan Bernard de La Rogue place name married Marie Dalmas de Marcelly noble daughter of "messire Pierre de Dalmas lord of  Marcilly and noble lady. Charlotte Couillaud de Hauteclair from this union Jehan - Philibert Couillaud was born.

Search book = Nova - Francia.

Search Etienne II de Villars, Seigneur de Villars.

Wealth Development Economics. The Wealth of Nation, Utility. A relative satisfaction, explain economic behavior, attempts to  increase one's utility, consumption of various goods and services, possession of wealth, spending of leisure time. A moral criterion for the  organization of society.

Utility is usually applied by economics in such constructs as the "Indifference curve", which plot the combination of commodities  that an individual or a society would accept to maintain a given  level of satisfaction.

Pareto efficiency ~ or Pareto optimality, is a concept in economics  with applications in engineering and social sciences. The term is  named after Vilfredo Pareto born (15 July 1848 - 19 August 1923) was an Italian engineer, sociologist, economist, political scientist and philospher. he mad several important contributions to economics, particularly in the study of income distribution and in the analysis of individuals' choices.

1766 On the definition of Wealth we also have Adam Smith ~ Born 6 June 1723 Kirkcaldy, Scotland. Died 17 July 1790 (aged 67)  Edinburgh, Scotland. Era classical economics (Modern economics) Region Western Philosophy. School-: Classical Economics. ~ It's  major development included Adam Smith, Jean-Baptiste Say, David  Ricardo, Thomas Malthus, and John Stuart Mill.

New York New Jersey Line War ~ Refers to a series of skirmishes and raids that took place for over a half a century between 1701 and  1765 at the disputed border between two America Colonies, the Province of New York and the Province of New Jersey

The King of Great Britain through the Royal Commission of 7 October 1769 appointed commissioners to establish what would become the permanent and final border that was southeast from the confluence of the Delaware and Neversink Rivers near Port Jervis of the Hudson  River. The New York and New Jersey legislatures ratified the compromise in 1772, and the King approved it on September 1773.

In early 1665 the Governor of the Royal Colony of New York, Colonel Richard Nicholls, received news that James the Duke of York, had granted a charter for New Jersey to two court friends, Sir George Carteret and John Lord Berkeley. Governor Nicholls immediately realized that the charter meant the loss of valuable land from the New York Colony, perhaps then being New Amsterdam for New York was nor named until about 1665 but continued somewhat in Dutch administration and or rule. The governor was compelled to write the Duke to tell him that the land compromising New Jersey as delineated in the charter. (will continue research on this and will return with adequate inquiries: D.G.DeLancey). 12:49 p.m. 3/19/12

Late 16th to early 19th century trading routes. 

3/20/2012 1:52 P.M. E.S.T. Searched ~ Colonial American Trading Commodities ~ result so far - Triangle Trade ~ An historical term indicating (trade) among three ports or regions. Triangular trade usually evolves when a region has export commodities that are not required in the region from which its major imports come.  Triangular trade then provides a method for rectifying trade imbalances between the above regions.

This Colonial Trading Information has been obtained through the research of the site, wikipedia.

Next Picture insert The Russian fur traders from Alaska to their established largest settlement in California, Fort Ross in 1812.

Next picture ~ General map of the "Beaver Hunting Grounds" described in "Deed from the Five Nations to the King, of their Beaver Hunting Ground". Also known as the Nanfan Treaty of 1701 

Fur Traders in Canada trading with Native Americans 1777. 

From a wikipedia source. Early Organization ~ Captain Chauvin made the first organized attempt to control the fur trade in New France. In 1599 he acquired a monopoly from Henry IV and tried to establish a colony at the mouth of the Saguenay River (Tadoussac, Quebec).  French explorer, (and Coureur des bois-Etienne Brule, Samuel de Champlain, Radisson, La Salle, Le Saeur), while seeking routes  through the continent established relationships with Amerindians  and continued to expand the trade of fur pelts for items considered common by the Europeans. Mammal winter pelts were prized for warmth, particularly animal pelts for beaver wool-felt hats which  were an expensive status symbol in Europe. The demand for these beaver wool-felt hats was  such that the beaver in Europe and  European Russia had largely disappeared through exploitation.

In 1613 Dallas Carite and Adrian Block headed expeditions to  establish fur trade relationships with the Mohawk and Mohicans. By 1614 the Dutch were sending vessels to secure large economic  returns from fur trading. The fur trade of New Netherland, through the port of New Amsterdam, depended largely on the trading depot at Fort Orange (now Albany), where much of the fur is believed to have originated in Canada (not at this time used as the name Canada), smuggled by entrepreneurs who wished to avoid the government-imposed monopoly there.

England was slower to enter the American fur trade than France and Holland, but as soon as English colonies were established, it was discovered that fur provided the best way for the colonists to remit value back to the mother country. Furs were being dispatched from Virginia soon after 1610, and the Plymouth Colony was sending substantial amounts of beaver to its London agents through the 1620's and 1630's.

Sea Otter-Map-Trading _____insert of picture 3/22/12 12:30 P.M. ____ 

Next ~ Maritime Fur Trade Northwestcoast  

Neustria ~ Early - Fankland _ Robert the Strong 

New Amsterdam 1685 

Map of Gelders Dutch 

Burgundian Kingdom year 443 A.D.

Burgundian Kingdom 534 A.D. to 843 A.D. 

Karte Hoch und Niedergurgund year 900 

Karte Haus Burgund 

Karte Haus Burgund ___ Charles the Bold __ era 

Europe 814 Charles the Great 

Partage de I'Empire Carolingien au Traite de Verdun en 843 

4/3/12 2:06 p.m. Gallia  ~ Gaul ~ was a region of Western Europe during the Iron age and Roman era, encompassing present day  France, Luxembourg, and Belgium, most of Switzerland, the western part of Northern Italy, as well as the parts of the Netherlands and Germany on the left banks of the Rhine.

Aquitanian ~ It was later known as Gascony. Before the Roman Conquest, was one language that existed and went on well much later, until the Early Middle Ages. Evidence strongly suggest that it was a Vasconi language or group of languages that represent a precursor of the Basgue longuage. The most important of this is a series of votive and funerary texts in latin which contain about 400 personal names and 70 names of gods.

Aquitanian and its related descendent, Basque, are commonly thought to be a remnant of the languages spoken in Western Europe before the arrival of Indo-European speakers.

Artenacian Culture ~ Late Chalcolithic, c. 2400 BC. Some reaction to migrants of Danubian people into Western France. With abundant arrow heads, it is considred a culture of Bowmon people. Are believed to be ancestors of the historical Aquitaine.